Police Brutality And Low Income Areas - 2011 Words

Social movements emerge for a number of different reasons, specifically for gangs it is injustice and inequality: police brutality, racial discrimination, colorism, and poverty, due to a lack of education and school funding because of corrupt politicians. Gangs of America were born out of police brutality and low income areas, which tend to be segregated from other communities of wealth. Not only are their interactions with law enforcement negative, but they have a â€Å"dog eat dog† mentality with each other because of such high poverty rates. Social movements emerge when a specific group of people feel that they are under extreme pressure and oppression. For example, the Crips formed in 1969 by Raymond Washington and Stanley â€Å"Tookie† Williams, as a response to increasing police harassment in their community (South Central History). Police brutality and harassment was so prevalent within the black community because it was mostly low-income, and it had high crime rates due to such high levels of poverty. South Los Angeles (LA), and Compton were, and still are, predominately black. Even today the gang culture exists because of low- income, low- education, and high crime rates. The Crips were a strong social movement rebelling against the oppression of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD). Crips stood for Community Resources for Independent People. It was modeled after the Black Panther Party, which was formed three years earlier, by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale,Show MoreRelatedMichelle Alexander s The New Jim Crow Essay1123 Words   |  5 Pagesany other racial group in the United States. Although this statement is partially true, Alexander misses the fact that in recent years, other racial groups have been affected by the same unjust profiling done by authorities. 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The conversation between the teacherRead MoreGentrification Has Taken The Bay Area1729 Words   |  7 PagesAdding to the inequalities and misfortunes within communities of color, gentrification has taken the Bay Area by a storm. Gentrification is the purchasing of deteriorated urban homes and areas, then the renovation by higher-end and middle class communities. An abundance of high-end people rush into the Bay Area and purchase up the real estate. Incoming middle and higher class take the Bay Area real estate and revitalise it into up-and-coming neighbo rhoods, then increase rent prices. Therefore, reducingRead MorePolice Brutality And Violence On Black People1479 Words   |  6 PagesBrown was shot by a police officer named Darren Wilson. Brown was shot about six times after Wilson targeted him for walking in the street with a friend. Police brutality and violence on black people has become prominent and indicates racism, negative stereotyping, and white supremacy in full effect with the police. Michael Brown is one of many crimes done be the real criminals in uniform. To begin, racism, which is a social construction is no doubt embedded in America s police and government. It

The Structure Of Financial And Business Organizations

The structure of financial and business organizations have evolved over time, and the subject of remuneration of CEO’s has become a debate across society particularly during the global financial crisis. With the current economic situation, the debate over CEO pay has further intensified with more people questioning whether CEO salaries commensurate with their overall contribution to the value and overall success of the organization. A chief executive officer is a person within an organization’s senior management group who is employed at a corporate level (Perkins). It cannot be denied that CEOs have a great amount of influence over their company and are responsible for defining and executing a company’s strategy. Through their actions CEOs†¦show more content†¦Looking at the pay within hospitals highlights many of the issues surrounding the pay of CEOs. The question of whether CEOs are paid too much for their contribution to a company is difficult to ans wer. In some cases, CEOs are overpaid for their contribution; however, we also see the opposite, where CEOs are underpaid. For example, the CEO of a public organization, such as a hospital, is essentially running a company where people’s lives are at stake. The CEO of a hospital is the operator of an organization that must always be running effectively and efficiently. However, the great amount of responsibility held by the executive director of a public hospital is not reflected in their remuneration. Furthermore, studies reveal that there is no correlation between the pay of hospital CEOs and the quality of the hospital. A study undertaken by the Harvard school of public health in 2013 suggests that the pay of CEO’s of hospitals does not truly reflect how good they are (gunderman, 2013). The study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association: Internal medicine, and revealed that there is no link between CEO pay and multiple quality indicators such as motility rates and readmissions rates (gunderman, 2013). Thus, the study shines light on the idea that CEO pay does not necessarily reflect the quality of the CEO, nor the company they work for.

The Male Reproductive System Free Essays

The organs of the male reproductive system are specialized for the following functions: To produce, maintain and transport sperm (the male reproductive cells) and protective fluid (semen) To discharge sperm within the female reproductive tract To produce and secrete male sex hormones The male reproductive anatomy includes internal and external structures. What are the external reproductive structures? Most of the male reproductive system is located outside of the man’s body. The external structures of the male reproductive system are the penis, the scrotum and the testicles. We will write a custom essay sample on The Male Reproductive System or any similar topic only for you Order Now PenisThe penis is the male organ for sexual intercourse. It has three parts: the root, which attaches to the wall of the abdomen; the body, or shaft; and the glans, which is the cone-shaped end of the penis. The glans, which also is called the head of the penis, is covered with a loose layer of skin called foreskin. (This skin is sometimes removed in a procedure called circumcision. ) The opening of the urethra, the tube that transports semen and urine, is at the tip of the glans penis. The penis also contains a number of sensitive nerve endings. The body of the penis is cylindrical in shape and consists of three internal chambers.These chambers are made up of special, sponge-like erectile tissue. This tissue contains thousands of large spaces that fill with blood when the man is sexually aroused. As the penis fills with blood, it becomes rigid and erect, which allows for penetration during sexual intercourse. The skin of the penis is loose and elastic to accommodate changes in penis size during an erection. Semen, which contains sperm, is expelled (ejaculated) through the end of the penis when the man reaches sexual climax (orgasm). When the penis is erect, the flow of urine is blocked from the urethra, allowing only semen to be jaculated at orgasm. Scrotum The scrotum is the loose pouch-like sac of skin that hangs behind the penis. It contains the testicles (also called testes), as well as many nerves and blood vessels. The scrotum has a protective function and acts as a climate control system for the testes. For normal sperm development, the testes must be at a temperature slightly cooler than the body temperature. Special muscles in the wall of the scrotum allow it to contract and relax, moving the testicles closer to the body for warmth and protection or farther away from the body to cool the temperature. Testicles (testes)The testes are oval organs about the size of large olives that lie in the scrotum, secured at either end by a structure called the spermatic cord. Most men have two testes. The testes are responsible for making testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, and for generating sperm. Within the testes are coiled masses of tubes called seminiferous tubules. These tubules are responsible for producing the sperm cells through a process called spermatogenesis. Epididymis The epididymis is a long, coiled tube that rests on the backside of each testicle. It functions in the transport and storage of the sperm cells that are produced in the testes.It also is the job of the epididymis to bring the sperm to maturity, since the sperm that emerge from the testes are immature and incapable of fertilization. During sexual arousal, contractions force the sperm into the vas deferens. What are the internal reproductive organs? The internal organs of the male reproductive system, also called accessory organs, include the following: Vas deferens — The vas deferens is a long, muscular tube that travels from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity, to just behind the bladder. The vas deferens transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.Ejaculatory ducts — These are formed by the fusion of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles. The ejaculatory ducts empty into the urethra. Urethra — The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body. In males, it has the additional function of expelling (ejaculating) semen when the man reaches orgasm. When the penis is erect during sex, the flow of urine is blocked from the urethra, allowing only semen to be ejaculated at orgasm. Seminal vesicles — The seminal vesicles are sac-like pouches that attach to the vas deferens near the base of the bladder.The seminal vesicles produce a sugar-rich fluid (fructose) that provides sperm with a source of energy and helps with the sperms’ motility (ability to move). The fluid of the seminal vesicles makes up most of the volume of a man’s ejaculatory fluid, or ejaculate. Prostate gland — The prostate gland is a walnut-sized structure that is located below the urinary bladder in front of the rectum. The prostate gland contributes additional fluid to the ejaculate. Prostate fluids also help to nourish the sperm. The urethra, which carries the ejaculate to be expelled during orgasm, runs through the center of the prostate gland.Bulbourethral glands — The bulbourethral glands, or Cowper’s glands, are pea-sized structures located on the sides of the urethra just below the prostate gland. These glands produce a clear, slippery fluid that empties directly into the urethra. This fluid serves to lubricate the urethra and to neutralize any acidity that may be present due to residual drops of urine in the urethra. How does the male reproductive system function? The entire male reproductive system is dependent on hormones, which are chemicals that stimulate or regulate the activity of cells or organs. The primary hormones involved in the functioning of the male reproductive system are follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone. FSH and LH are produced by the pituitary gland located at the base of the brain. FSH is necessary for sperm production (spermatogenesis), and LH stimulates the production of testosterone, which is necessary to continue the process of spermatogenesis. Testosterone also is important in the development of male characteristics, including muscle mass and strength, fat distribution, bone mass and sex drive. Does a man go through menopause?Menopause is a term used to describe the end of a woman’s normal menstrual function. Female menopause is characterized by changes in hormone production. The testes, unlike the ovaries, do not lose the ability to make hormones. If a man is healthy, he may be able to make sperm well into his 80s or longer. On the other hand, subtle changes in the function of the testes may occur as early as 45 to 50 years of age, and more dramatically after the age of 70. For many men, hormone production may remain normal into old age, while others may have declining hormone production earlier on, sometimes as a result of an illness, such as diabetes.Whether waning testicular function contributes to such symptoms as fatigue, weakness, depression or impotence often remains uncertain. Can â€Å"male menopause† be treated? If testosterone levels are low, hormone replacement therapy may help relieve symptoms, such as the loss of interest in sex, depression and fatigue. However, replacing male hormones can worsen prostate cancer and, perhaps, atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). A man should receive a complete physical examination and laboratory tests should be performed starting hormone replacement therapy. How many middle-aged men will benefit from such therapy remains an open question. 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Karen Horney free essay sample

Karen Horney recognized that the existing personality theories were over-focused on â€Å"male psychology† and she sought to correct that and present a â€Å"feminine psychology. † She expanded on Sullivan’s idea about the social environment and gave a more psychological explanation regarding the child’s responding to that environment. Her theory of neurosis began moving more towards what later became the cognitive movement describing patterns of coping that were dysfunctional. 5. Goal Questions: a. What are the two basic needs and how does it result in the conflict leading to Basic Anxiety? b. How does Basic Anxiety come from having these two basic needs? c. How do the strategies a person uses to cope with Basic Anxiety result in the formation of the personality—moving towards, moving away, moving against others? 6. Key Terms: a. Two Basic Needs b. Basic Anxiety c. The Hostile World: d. Basic Hostility e. Ten Neurotic Needs (Strategies of Coping): f. Three General Categories / Strategies g. Basic Theory of Neurosis h. Socially Induced Anxiety: 7. Illustration: a. What are examples of a young child (e. g. , age 2-3) showing a conflict between dependence on the parents versus resentment towards them? b. What are examples of a youth (age 12-14) showing a conflict between dependence on the parents versus resentment towards them? c. What are the â€Å"strategies of coping† would the child and youth most likely try? (focus on the examples of Neurotic Needs and 3 coping strategies) d. How would you expect Basic Anxiety to show itself for the child and the youth? 8. Significance: Karen Horney developed a theory that has been very influential both in recognizing and seeking to correct the male bias in the other theories and in developing a framework that eventually led to the development of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and the Cognitive Therapies. She also gave more depth in explaining the nature of the child’s experience to the social environment and how certain coping strategies become personality patterns that can be neurotic or healthy. 9. Karen Horney’s Basic Motivational Theory: a. CONFLICT naturally occurs in the form of Basic Anxiety due to the fact people have 2 Basic Needs that we have to cope with. i. The Two Basic Needs: 1. Satisfaction of physical needs 2. Safety to feel wanted, loved, etc. 3. Please note than these two basic needs formed Abraham Maslow’s foundation for his hierarchy of needs. Maslow expanded on Horney’s basic premise. We can combine his hierarchy of needs into her theory and form a way to adapt Maslow’s theory into a counseling framework. 4. Discussion: How can you expand the 2 Basic Needs into a Christian understanding? [Maslow’s model allows us to bring in the Meta-Level needs which we can use within a Christian framework to include our need for God] b. When we experience isolation and helplessness in a potentially hostile world we experience insecurity. i. The Hostile World for a child is socially induced anxiety when the child feels isolate or separated from his/her parents psychologically). Generally, anything that disturbs this relationship (resulting in isolation and helplessness—also note Martin Seligman’s theory of learned helplessness can expand on this notion) is the beginning of Basic Anxiety. iii. Basic Anxiety arises from social and not biological needs of that feeling of isolation and helplessness leading to insecurity. c. Motivational Principle: People are motivated to Cope with the Basic Anxiety 10. Karen Horney’s Theory of Neurosis: a. The child’s motivation is a conflict of dependence on our parents versus resentment towards them. Anything that disturbs the security of the child in relation to his/her parents produces Basic Anxiety. i. Discussion: Form a Dialectic conflict and how does dependence result in the coping process of resentment? (Point: Think of resentment as a coping response—even though not a very good one) b. This resentment is a Basic Hostility of resenting our parents frustrating us. i. Discussion: What is the power, importance, and value of Basic Hostility? [Motivation to develop more autonomy, feel safe and secure in the world] ii. Discussion: What is the underlying irrational belief? The demand that the world and people treat me the way I want and give me what I want when I want it. This relates to Freud’s position about delayed gratification. Therefore, our motivation is to cope with the Basic Anxiety in order to feel safe and secure in the world. d. The insecure, anxious child develops various strategies by which to cope with his/her feelings of isolation and helplessness. i. Examples of the Strategies: 1. He may become hostile and seek to avenge himself against those who have rejected or mistreated him. 2. He may become overly submissive in order to win back the love that he feels he has lost. . He may develop an unrealistic, idealized picture of himself in order to compensate for his feelings of inferiority. He may try to bribe others into loving him, 5. He may use threats to force people to like him 6. He may wallow in self-pity in order to gain people’s sympathy. 7. If he cannot get love he may seek to obtain power over others. e. Horney’s Theory of Neurosis is: i. the Basic Anxiety and the neurotic functioning relating to how individuals attempt to cope with basic anxiety—the feeling a child has of being isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world. Feeling isolated and helpless = insecurity. 1. This is experienced when a child feels separated from parents psychologically, lonely, insecure. 2. Anything that disturbs this relationship is beginning of basic anxiety. f. The Basic Theory of Neurosis: In the neurotic person there is a conflict among three ways of responding to this basic anxiety. i. The three trends are moving towards, moving away, moving against others. All three are characterized by rigidity and the lack of fulfillment of individual potential, the essence of any neurosis. i. Basic Anxiety comes from our perception of a hostile world. Her basic theory: Socially induced anxiety. iii. General assumption: The helplessness of the infant is a determining factor in the basic behavior pattern of the individual. g. What are the Differences Between the Neurotic Person and the Normal Person? i. The essential difference between the neurotic and normal person is one of degree. â€Å"†¦the disparity between the conflicting issues is much less great for the normal person than for the neurotic. The person who is likely to become neurotic is one who has experienced the culturally determined difficulties in an accentuated form, mostly through the medium of childhood experience. ii. The process of change towards being normal requires increased flexibility in the neurotic needs. Everyone has these conflicts but those with early experiences with rejection, neglect, overprotection, and other kinds of unfortunate parental treatment, posses them in an aggravated form. The normal person can resolve these conflicts by integrating the three basic orientations. The normal person can integrate these for appropriate use. v. The neurotic person has greater basic anxiety and ends up utilizing irrational and artificial solutions. There is a conflict among the three trends in the effort to deal with basic anxiety. The neurotic person locks in on one of these needs for emphasis and is unable to integrate. 11. Theory of Neurosis: The 10 Neurotic Needs People a. The 10 Neurotic Needs are â€Å"strategies† people develop for coping with anxiety and insecurity b. The Intent of these Strategies for coping: To cope with Basic Anxiety we develop Strategies for Coping with the intent of feeling safe and secure in the world. However, people often us neurotic solutions which are irrational demands of how the world should treat them or how they ought to act in the world. ii. Albert Ellis said to look for the demand in our thinking because that makes the belief irrational c. The 10 Neurotic Needs are an excessive or neurotic need for the following 10 demands: i. The 10 Neurotic Needs 1. Affection and Approval: Indiscriminate striving to be loved and admired by others; overly sensitive to criticism, rejection, or unfriendliness; Indiscriminate wish to please others and to live up to their expectations. 2. Having a Partner to Take Control—to take over one’s life: Excessive dependence on others and fearful of being abandoned or left alone; overvaluing love because love can solve everything; Extremely afraid of being deserted and left alone. 3. Restricting Life Within Narrow Limits: Preference for a life-style in which routine and orderliness are paramount; being undemanding, content with little, and submitting to the will of others; prefers to remain inconspicuous and values modesty above all else. 4. Power: Domination and control of others for its own sake; craving for power for its own sake. An indiscriminate glorification of strength and a contempt for weakness (in self or others). An essential disrespect for others. 5. Exploiting Others: Dread of being exploited or made to look â€Å"stupid† by others but thinking nothing of taking advantage of them. 6. Social RecognitionPrestige: Wish to be admired and respected by others; basing self-image on public status; one’s self-evaluation is determined by the amount of public recognition received. 7. Personal Admiration: Drive to create an inflated self-image devoid of flaws and limitations; living to be flattered and complimented by others. Inflated picture of himself and wishes to be admired on this basis and not for what he really is. 8. Personal AmbitionAchievement: Intense striving to be the very best regardless of the consequences; dreading failure. Self-demand to be the very best and driving himself to greater and greater achievements as a result of his basic insecurity. 9. Self-Sufficiency and Independence: Having been disappointed in his attempts to find warm, satisfying relationships with people, the person sets himself apart from others and refuses to be tied down to anyone or anything. He becomes a lone wolf. Avoidance of any relationship that involves commitment or obligation; distancing self from anything or anyone. 10. Perfection and Unassailability: Fearful of making mistakes and being criticized. Tries to make himself impregnable and infallible by attempting to be completely moral and flawless in every respect; maintaining an appearance of perfection and virtue. ii. All people have these strategies; it is the degree that makes them become neurotic. Any one of these strategies may become a more or less permanent fixture in the personality.